| 1. | Early wipers were often driven by a vacuum motor powered by manifold vacuum.
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| 2. | There are no sensors for air flow, or intake manifold vacuum.
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| 3. | In naturally-aspirated petrol engines, the manifold vacuum is used, whereas in non-return valve.
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| 4. | Vehicle HVAC systems also used manifold vacuum to drive actuators controlling airflow and temperature.
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| 5. | Ideally, to preserve driveability and fuel economy, manifold vacuum should not fall any lower than.
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| 6. | When the throttle is partially closed, a manifold vacuum develops as the intake drops below ambient pressure.
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| 7. | At wide open throttle, manifold vacuum decreases.
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| 8. | The system is manifold vacuum-assisted servo-operated, and controlled directly by the Bosch engine management system, as described above.
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| 9. | If the engine is operating under light or no load and low or closed throttle, there is high manifold vacuum.
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| 10. | Intake manifold vacuum is applied to the crankcase via the PCV valve, drawing fresh air into the crankcase via the breather.
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